History of pakistan studies
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| Pakistan |
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Azadi-e-Hind
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A careful study of the establishment of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Azadi-e-Hind also reveals that initially Hindu-Muslim dignitaries including Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah were active in the cause of the independence of United India. The leadership was pitted against the Congress and the British. During the struggle for independence, the Quaid-e-Azam and his comrades had differences with the Congress leadership on two main issues.
1-First, Quaid-e-Azam wanted to achieve India's independence through constitutional and democratic struggle instead of the politics of protest and siege.
2-Secondly, they made the independence of India conditional on the Muslims guaranteeing a constitutional guarantee for India.
When no compromise could be reached with the Congress leadership on these two basic points, Quaid-i-Azam started the struggle for a separate homeland for the Muslims of India.A careful study of the independence movement reveals that from the War of Independence in 1857 to the Nehru Report in 1929, Muslims fought side by side with the Hindu majority in India's war of independence.
War of Independence of 1857
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War of Independence of 1857
An examination of the political situation after the War of Independence of 1857 clearly shows that the British wanted to give the subcontinent the status of a British Empire.
To this end, they began implementing phased constitutional reforms in the subcontinent.
By implementing constitutional reforms in the subcontinent, he not only introduced political institutions such as the Majlis-e-Admin and the Constituent Assembly, but also introduced the institution of the opposition in the event of the formation of the Congress.
Act of 1858
On November 1, 1958, a decree was issued by the British Crown declaring the end of Company rule in India - explicitly instructing the general public to call themselves Queen Victoria's subjects. The enactment of this Act will bring about the following administrative changes in India.
1. The Board of Directors of the East India Company was abolished.
2. A 15-member Council of Governors General of India has been set up to govern India.
3- The office of the Secretary of State of India was established.
4. The Secretary of State of India was made directly accountable to the British Cabinet.
As a result of the enactment of the Act of 1861, for the first time Indians got the right to represent the Legislative Assembly. The number of members of the Council was increased from 15 to 23 under the Act of 1861 as compared to 1858.
Members of the Majlis were only authorized to advise the government but did not have the right to criticize the government's policies. It was necessary to seek the governor's permission to comment on financial matters and the navy.
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| First state join Pakistan Bahawalpur |
To introduce the framework of political system at the grassroots level, he set up an institution like the Indian National Congress, the main purpose of which was to introduce the concept of opposition in India. In the case of the Congress, Indians were given a platform whose core The purpose was to draw the attention of the people to the problems faced by the government and to criticize the performance of the government. Apart from this, one of the main aims of the Congress was to promote the concept of Indian nationality in India through this body.